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Quantum-computer-based verification of quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation.

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  • 1The University of Tokyo, Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study empirically verifies a general quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation using a quantum computer. It demonstrates a fundamental trade-off between precision and thermodynamic activity in quantum systems, applicable to any dynamics or observable.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Information Science
  • Computational Physics

Background:

  • Quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relations define fundamental precision-thermodynamic trade-offs in quantum systems.
  • Previous empirical tests were limited to specific conditions, hindering verification of universal validity.
  • A general relation valid for arbitrary dynamics and observables remained empirically unverified.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically verify a general quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation for arbitrary quantum dynamics and observables.
  • To identify the key thermodynamic quantity governing precision bounds in quantum systems.
  • To demonstrate the utility of quantum computers as platforms for fundamental thermodynamic investigations.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical derivation of a general quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation, identifying survival activity as the key quantity.
  • Empirical verification using IBM's cloud-based quantum processor, treating it as a thermodynamic system.
  • Development of a protocol for measuring survival activity and employing circuit reduction techniques to mitigate device errors.

Main Results:

  • First empirical measurement of survival activity in a quantum system.
  • Successful verification of the general quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation on a physical quantum device.
  • Demonstration of the relation's saturation by implementing optimal observables, confirming the bound's sharpness.
  • Extension of the verification to quantum time correlators, showcasing broad applicability.

Conclusions:

  • Quantum computers serve as powerful platforms for experimentally probing fundamental thermodynamic trade-off relations.
  • The derived general quantum thermodynamic uncertainty relation is empirically validated for arbitrary dynamics and observables.
  • Survival activity is confirmed as the critical thermodynamic quantity for precision bounds in quantum systems.