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Related Concept Videos

RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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An Oligonucleotide-based Tandem RNA Isolation Procedure to Recover Eukaryotic mRNA-Protein Complexes
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Specific RNA transcripts (SRTs): From concepts to the clinic.

Qili Shi1, Haochen Li1, Zhiao Chen1,2,3

  • 1Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Chinese Medical Journal
|October 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Specific RNA transcripts (SRTs) are generated through various mechanisms and play crucial roles in human health and disease, especially cancer. These SRTs offer potential as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for personalized medicine.

Keywords:
CancerLong-read sequencingRNA sequencingSpecific RNA transcriptsTransposable elements

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has revolutionized the study of transcriptome dynamics.
  • RNA transcripts undergo complex regulation, leading to diverse functional molecules.
  • Specific RNA transcripts (SRTs) are linked to tissue-specific functions and diseases, notably cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the generation mechanisms of SRTs.
  • To examine the roles of SRTs in normal development and diseases, particularly cancer.
  • To discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of SRTs in precision medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on RNA sequencing and transcript regulation.
  • Analysis of mechanisms generating SRTs, including alternative splicing, transcriptional regulation, polyadenylation, and transposable elements.
  • Examination of SRT roles in physiological and pathological contexts, focusing on cancer.

Main Results:

  • SRTs are generated via alternative splicing, transcriptional regulation, polyadenylation, and transposable elements.
  • SRTs are critical for normal tissue development and are implicated in various diseases, especially cancer.
  • SRTs demonstrate significant potential as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and as targets for novel therapies.

Conclusions:

  • SRTs are key players in human physiology and pathology, with profound implications for cancer.
  • The unique expression patterns of SRTs make them valuable for developing diagnostic tools.
  • SRTs represent promising targets for personalized medicine and precision therapies in oncology and beyond.