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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

A Protocol to Characterize the Morphological Changes of Clostridium difficile in Response to Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: May 25, 2017
New investigational agents for the treatment of Clostridioides difficile infections
Mai-Chi N Tran1,2, Taryn A Eubank3, Ravina Kullar4
1Pharmacy Department, Memorial Care Orange Coast Memorial Medical Center, Fountain Valley, CA, USA.
Introduction:
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) results in 250,000 hospitalizations yearly in the U.S.A. an annual mortality of 12,800 and recurrence in 15-30% of patients. Consequently, new approaches and agents are needed to treat CDI. We review the current developmental pipeline for various categories of CDI therapies.
Areas Covered:
We searched various data bases to identify relevant data.
Expert Opinion:
Ibezapolstat, CRS3123, and ridinilazole were identified with unique mechanisms of action and narrow spectrums of activity that result in gut microbiome preservation and reduced recurrent CDI (rCDI) rates. One cannot predict the potential efficacy of these new agents under study until further studies are done. Some may emerge as only supplemental therapies, while others may fail or be shelved and hopefully at least one will emerge as a primary CDI therapy and to prevent rCDI. Some have the ability to restore the microbiome (VE303) or preserve intestinal integrity (e.g. REC-3964, LMN-201, AQ). Regardless, patients and clinicians need new agents. CDI is a significant burden to the healthcare system and the quality of life for patients who suffer from CDI and rCDI. Further development of these investigational agents to prevent this cycle are of upmost importance.
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06:51Cefoperazone-treated Mouse Model of Clinically-relevant Clostridium difficile Strain R20291
Published on: December 10, 2016
09:12A Protein Microarray Assay for Serological Determination of Antigen-specific Antibody Responses Following Clostridium difficile Infection
Published on: June 15, 2018
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