Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

278
Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
278
Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants01:18

Anticoagulant Drugs: Vitamin K Antagonists and Direct Oral Anticoagulants

2.1K
Oral anticoagulants are vital tools in preventing and treating blood clotting disorders. This diverse class of medications can be categorized as vitamin K antagonists, exemplified by warfarin, and direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs), such as dabigatran, as well as factor Xa inhibitors, including rivaroxaban.
Warfarin, a prominent vitamin K antagonist family member, exerts its effect by inhibiting the enzyme VKORC1 (vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1). By hindering this enzyme, warfarin...
2.1K
Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

1.7K
Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
1.7K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

404
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
404
Relative Risk01:12

Relative Risk

2.0K
Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
2.0K
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

192
Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
192

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Population Pharmacokinetics of Amikacin in Non-Neonatal Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review.

European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics·2026
Same author

Toxicity-Tailored Thresholds of Delayed Methotrexate Elimination in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Population-Based Approach to Therapy Optimization.

European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics·2026
Same author

Prevalence and determinants of inpatient hypoglycemia among hospitalized adults with diabetes: a cohort study.

Current medical research and opinion·2026
Same author

Amikacin pharmacokinetics, target attainment, and predictors in critically ill children: a retrospective cohort.

European journal of pediatrics·2026
Same author

Population Pharmacokinetic Models of Oxypurinol in Adults: A Systematic Review.

Current drug metabolism·2026
Same author

Neuroprotective Potential of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

84.4K

Bleeding Risk Prediction in Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation: Comparing Risk Scores in Apixaban- and

Christian Andrew Almalbis1,2, Adyani Md Redzuan1, Shamin Mohd Saffian1

  • 1Centre for Quality Management of Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis : Official Journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
|October 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Seven bleeding risk assessment tools were evaluated in patients taking apixaban or rivaroxaban for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). None demonstrated good overall diagnostic accuracy, indicating a need for improved tools in this patient group.

Keywords:
DOACapixabanatrial fibrillationbleeding riskrisk predictionrivaroxaban

More Related Videos

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.9K
Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood
11:17

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

84.4K
Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

33.9K
Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood
11:17

Rapid Point-of-Care Assay of Enoxaparin Anticoagulant Efficacy in Whole Blood

Published on: October 12, 2012

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) like apixaban and rivaroxaban are widely used for non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF).
  • Predicting bleeding risk in NVAF patients on DOACs is crucial for safe and effective anticoagulation therapy.
  • Existing bleeding risk assessment tools (BRATs) have variable performance in different patient populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the predictive ability of seven established bleeding risk assessment tools (BRATs) for clinical bleeding events.
  • To compare the diagnostic accuracy of these BRATs in NVAF patients treated with apixaban versus rivaroxaban.
  • To evaluate BRAT performance in specific subgroups (age, sex).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 313 NVAF patients (164 apixaban, 149 rivaroxaban) with at least one year of follow-up.
  • Calculation of bleeding risk scores using original tool definitions at treatment initiation.
  • Assessment of predictive performance using area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves; good accuracy defined as AUROC ≥ 0.7.

Main Results:

  • Overall bleeding incidence was 12.46%.
  • For rivaroxaban users, ORBIT, RE-LY, and HEMORR₂HAGES showed sufficient accuracy (AUROC 0.68, 0.66, 0.66 respectively).
  • For apixaban users, A4C performed best (AUROC 0.64), while HAS-BLED showed no diagnostic value (AUROC 0.42). Some tools had good subgroup accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • None of the evaluated bleeding risk assessment tools achieved satisfactory overall diagnostic accuracy for predicting bleeding in NVAF patients on apixaban or rivaroxaban.
  • Further research is required to validate existing BRATs or develop novel tools with improved predictive capabilities for this specific patient cohort.
  • The findings highlight limitations of current BRATs in guiding anticoagulation therapy with apixaban and rivaroxaban.