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Multicolor Fluorescence Detection for Droplet Microfluidics Using Optical Fibers

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Published on: May 5, 2016

Ultrasensitive Food and Water Sensing by Recyclable, Femtosecond Laser-Structured Surfaces.

Xiaona Zhao¹, Yuxuan He¹, Jijil Jj Nivas^2,3

¹School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|October 21, 2025

Summary

We developed reusable silicon substrates using laser processing for ultrasensitive detection of toxins and banned chemicals in food and water. This advancement offers a simple, effective strategy for enhanced safety and environmental monitoring.

Keywords:

electromagnetic field enhancement femtosecond laser surface engineering food safety rapid screening ultrasensitive and reusable SERS platform

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Analytical Chemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Trace element detection in food and water is crucial for public health and environmental safety.
Current detection methods often lack the required sensitivity or reusability.
Developing advanced sensing platforms is essential for reliable monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

To create highly sensitive and reusable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates for detecting dangerous trace elements.
To investigate the influence of fabrication conditions on SERS substrate performance.
To validate a novel laser-based fabrication method for SERS applications.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of crystalline silicon SERS substrates using femtosecond laser processing.
Ultrasensitive detection of microcystin-LR (algal toxin) and malachite green (aquaculture additive).
Finite-element simulations to predict and analyze substrate performance.
SERS mapping to assess signal uniformity and identify performance-influencing factors.

Main Results:

Achieved limits of detection of 10^-7 μg/L for microcystin-LR and 10^-12 M for malachite green.
Demonstrated an order-of-magnitude higher SERS signal intensity for substrates fabricated in ambient air compared to vacuum.
Identified synergistic electromagnetic effects, including field confinement and hybrid plasmonic coupling, leading to enhancement factors > 10¹⁰.
Confirmed high signal uniformity across the SERS platform.

Conclusions:

Femtosecond laser processing provides a viable method for fabricating high-performance SERS substrates.
Fabrication environment significantly impacts SERS sensitivity, with ambient air processing yielding superior results.
The developed SERS substrates offer a promising solution for ultrasensitive food safety and environmental monitoring.