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Non-Invasive Visualization of Nailbed Microvascular Morphology in Mice Using Capillaroscopy
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Nail Abnormalities.

Jeffrey C Leggit1

  • 1Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland.

American Family Physician
|October 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nail abnormalities, common in older adults, present diverse symptoms like texture changes, color alterations, and growths. Early diagnosis using methods like dermoscopy is crucial for managing these dermatologic conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Nail Medicine

Background:

  • Nail abnormalities affect all ages, increasing with age and comprising 10% of dermatologic disorders.
  • Common issues include brittle nails (up to 20% prevalence), Beau lines, and nail pitting, often linked to conditions like psoriasis.
  • Nail unit color changes, such as melanonychia, can indicate melanocyte activity or proliferation, necessitating careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To categorize and describe various nail abnormalities.
  • To highlight the diagnostic approaches for nail disorders.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and differentiation of benign from malignant nail conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review and categorization of nail abnormalities based on clinical presentation.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including nail clippings, ultrasonography, dermoscopy, and biopsy.
  • Emphasis on dermoscopy for lesion triage and biopsy decision-making.

Main Results:

  • Nail abnormalities manifest as surface irregularities, color changes, attachment defects, or tumors.
  • Specific conditions like brittle nails, Beau lines, nail pitting, and melanonychia are detailed.
  • Abnormal nail growth warrants investigation for tumors, including squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma.

Conclusions:

  • Nail abnormalities are diverse and prevalent, particularly in the elderly.
  • Diagnostic tools like dermoscopy are vital for accurate assessment and management.
  • Prompt evaluation of nail changes can aid in the early detection of serious conditions.