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"Hearing as": Knowledge of Syntactic Structure Affects Event-related Potential Components for Musical Expectation.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Music Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Harmonic expectation is key to musical experience.
  • Event-related potential (ERP) components like E(R)AN index harmonic surprisal based on musical statistics.
  • Top-down influences on harmonic prediction, particularly syntactic context, are underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how syntactic context influences harmonic prediction and processing.
  • To examine the role of top-down influences on event-related potential (ERP) components.
  • To test the predictive coding framework in musical harmonic processing.

Main Methods:

  • A novel experimental paradigm was used to cue listeners to syntactic structure.
  • Electroencephalography (EEG) recorded event-related potentials (ERPs).
  • Listeners were presented with musical stimuli with varying harmonic expectations and syntactic contexts.

Main Results:

  • Larger E(R)AN amplitudes were observed for improbable chords when listeners anticipated further context.
  • P3a and P600 ERP amplitudes were also larger under these conditions.
  • Results suggest context modulates the processing of harmonic surprisal.

Conclusions:

  • Musical surprisal results from an interplay between bottom-up sensory input and top-down anticipation within syntactic contexts.
  • Predictive coding models suggest listeners assign higher precision to predictions when context is expected, amplifying prediction errors.
  • Prior context alone does not fully explain the processing of unpredictable musical events.