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Related Concept Videos

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Real-Time Dynamic Navigation System for the Precise Quad-Zygomatic Implant Placement in a Patient with a Severely Atrophic Maxilla
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Intraoperative Navigation in Orthognathic Surgery: Mitigating Iatrogenic Complications.

Bilal F Hamzeh1, Anna D Lee2, Brooke French1

  • 1Department of Pediatric Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery
|October 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery enhances skeletal positioning accuracy. While primarily used for precision, its potential to prevent severe complications like nerve damage warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
Computer-assisted surgeryintraoperative complicationsorthognathic surgerysurgical navigation systems

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Area of Science:

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
  • Surgical Navigation Technologies

Background:

  • Orthognathic surgery involves intricate skeletal manipulation near vital neurovascular and airway structures.
  • Iatrogenic injuries, though rare, can lead to severe outcomes such as stroke, blindness, and death.
  • Existing technologies focus on positional accuracy, not patient safety enhancement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the adoption and outcomes of intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery.
  • To assess the potential of intraoperative navigation in reducing iatrogenic complications.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library).
  • Inclusion of 30 original studies reporting on intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery.
  • Data extraction on indications, procedures, technologies, usage purpose, and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Most studies (96.7%) utilized navigation for skeletal positioning accuracy; few (6.7%) reported its use for avoiding critical structures.
  • BrainLab, Stryker, and Aurora/Northern Digital Inc. were the most common navigation systems.
  • Evidence from other specialties confirms navigation's efficacy in reducing injury, blood loss, and operative time.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative navigation is a highly accurate tool for orthognathic surgery.
  • Its potential for mitigating severe iatrogenic complications is under-explored in current literature.
  • Further high-level studies are needed to focus on complication prevention in orthognathic surgery using navigation.