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Contrasting Risk Profiles for Suicide Attempt and Suicide Using Danish Registers and Genetic Data.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Not all individuals who die by suicide have a history of nonfatal suicide attempt (SA).
  • Understanding shared and distinct genetic and environmental etiologies of SA and suicide is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine shared and distinct risk factors for SA and suicide.
  • Focus on clinically diagnosed health conditions and genetic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Nested case-control study using Danish registers for health conditions.
  • Case-control analysis of iPSYCH2015 data for genetic factors (polygenic scores).
  • Included individuals >10 years old; analyzed data from Jan 2024 to Apr 2025.

Main Results:

  • Chronic diseases showed stronger associations with SA; severe conditions (e.g., cancer) with suicide.
  • Suicide risk influenced by polygenic scores for mental disorders; SA associated with broader genetic risk factors.
  • Dose-response associations observed for most health conditions and polygenic scores with cumulative SA burden.

Conclusions:

  • A wide range of health and genetic factors are linked to SA and suicide risk.
  • Shared and distinct risk factors suggest SA and suicide are not solely differentiated by liability severity.