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Invasive pneumococcal disease in Australia: 2013 and 2014.

Kate Pennington1, Sanjay Jayasinghe2, Lizzie Gorrell3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) rates remained stable in Australia, with Indigenous Australians experiencing disproportionately higher rates. The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) introduction led to a decrease in IPD among young children.

Keywords:
Australiaannual reportcommunicable disease surveillanceepidemiologyinvasive pneumococcal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) poses a significant public health challenge globally.
  • Pneumococcal vaccination programs aim to reduce the burden of IPD.
  • Surveillance data is crucial for monitoring disease trends and vaccine effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the epidemiology of IPD in Australia between 2013 and 2014.
  • To assess the impact of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPCV) on IPD rates in children.
  • To examine trends in IPD serotypes, particularly those covered by the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (23vPPV) in adults.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) for 2013 and 2014.
  • Calculated age-standardized and non-age-standardized incidence rates of IPD.
  • Analyzed IPD rates by Indigenous status, age group, and vaccine-preventable serotypes.

Main Results:

  • Australia reported 1,552 IPD cases in 2013 and 1,564 in 2014.
  • Indigenous Australians had six times the IPD rate of non-Indigenous Australians.
  • Following 13vPCV introduction, IPD rates in children under 5 decreased from 19.8 to 12.5 per 100,000 by 2013, with a slight increase to 14.1 in 2014.
  • Rates of IPD caused by 23vPPV serotypes declined in Indigenous adults (50+) and non-Indigenous adults (65+).
  • Case fatality rates for IPD were 8.6% in 2013 and 7.5% in 2014.

Conclusions:

  • IPD incidence remained relatively stable in Australia during 2013-2014.
  • The 13vPCV vaccine has shown effectiveness in reducing IPD in young children.
  • Persistent disparities in IPD rates exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations.
  • Declining trends in 23vPPV serotypes in older adults warrant continued monitoring.