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Ana F Esteves1,2,3, Ana L Gonçalves1,2,4, Vítor J P Vilar2,3

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Summary

High salinity stress impacts Chlorella vulgaris growth and nutrient uptake. Moderate salt levels (150 mM NaCl) enhance biomass and lipid productivity, while high concentrations induce mortality.

Keywords:
Microalgal biomass compositionMultiple linear regressionPrincipal component analysisSalt stressTwo-stage cultivation

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Biotechnology
  • Microalgal Physiology

Background:

  • Salinity stress is a major abiotic factor affecting microalgal cultivation.
  • Understanding Chlorella vulgaris response to salinity is crucial for optimizing biomass production and nutrient removal.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of varying salinity levels on Chlorella vulgaris growth, nutrient uptake, and biochemical composition.
  • To determine optimal salinity conditions for microalgal biomass and lipid accumulation.

Main Methods:

  • Two-stage cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris under different NaCl concentrations.
  • Statistical analysis including Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR).
  • Biochemical composition analysis (lipids, carbohydrates, pigments).

Main Results:

  • 150 mM NaCl resulted in optimal biomass accumulation (978 mg L⁻¹) and high lipid productivity (23.4 mg L⁻¹ d⁻¹).
  • Elevated salinity (>300 mM NaCl) led to microalgae mortality.
  • Highest lipid (24% DCW) and carbohydrate (32.3% DCW) content observed at 300 mM NaCl.
  • PCA and MLR indicated a positive correlation between lipid content, salinity, and exposure time; pigments were sensitive to exposure duration.

Conclusions:

  • Moderate salinity (150 mM NaCl) enhances Chlorella vulgaris biomass and lipid productivity without compromising nutrient removal.
  • High salinity stress negatively impacts microalgal growth and survival.
  • Salinity and exposure time are key factors influencing biochemical composition, particularly lipid accumulation.