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Mediterranean diet adherence and healthy diet indicator might decrease odds of endometriosis.

Morvarid Noormohammadi1, Fatemeh Sadat Hashemi Javaheri2,3, Sakine Ghasemisedaghat4

  • 1Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

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|October 21, 2025
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Summary

Adhering to the Mediterranean diet and the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) significantly reduces endometriosis risk in Iranian women. These dietary patterns show a strong inverse association with endometriosis, suggesting a protective effect.

Keywords:
Case-controlEndometriosisHealthy diet indicatorMediterranean diet

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Nutritional Science
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Diet significantly impacts endometriosis management, potentially improving quality of life and reducing pain.
  • Understanding dietary patterns' role is crucial for developing effective endometriosis interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) and the likelihood of endometriosis among Iranian women.

Main Methods:

  • A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in Tehran, Iran (February-September 2021).
  • Dietary intake was assessed using a 168-item food frequency questionnaire.
  • Logistic regression analysis evaluated the association of Mediterranean diet (MEDI-Lite score) and HDI with endometriosis odds.

Main Results:

  • Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was linked to a 94% lower odds of endometriosis (OR=0.06; P<0.001).
  • Higher HDI scores were associated with a 95% lower odds of endometriosis (aOR=0.05; P<0.001).
  • A significant inverse association was observed between endometriosis and adherence to both dietary patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and HDI shows a strong inverse association with endometriosis.
  • These dietary patterns may be beneficial as preventive and therapeutic strategies for endometriosis management.