Development of a low-cost laparoscopic appendicectomy simulation model with automated progress tracking: enhancing...

Laparoscopic surgery has become the standard for many surgical procedures globally, including laparoscopic Appendicectomy. However, access to adequate training, particularly in lower and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains challenging, impacting surgical proficiency and patient outcomes. This paper presents the development of a Laparoscopic Appendicectomy Simulation (LaApSi) model, a silicone-based, low-cost solution designed to enhance laparoscopic skills training, particularly in resource-constrained settings. The LaApSi model was developed by creating a negative mould based on anatomically accurate dimensions. High-grade silicone was used to replicate the texture of human tissue. The model integrates strategically placed assessment electronics with an Automated Progress Tracking System (APTS), offering real-time feedback on surgical manoeuvres and tracking trainee progress during simulations. The model is cost-effective, with initial production costs of £12.69 for the docking system and negative mould. This system can be used with multiple LaApSi models, each costing only £0.66 to produce. Equipped with the APTS, the LaApSi model provides a realistic and affordable option for simulation-based training in laparoscopic appendicectomy. Its cost-effectiveness and automated progress tracking make it a viable option for widespread adoption, particularly in LMICs. Additionally, the production methodology is adaptable to other laparoscopic procedures, presenting opportunities for broader applications in surgical education and training.