Histomorphological Changes in Breast Lesions: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology
• Radiology

Background:

• Breast lesions encompass benign and malignant conditions, with breast cancer being a leading global diagnosis.
• Accurate differentiation of lesions like cellular fibroadenoma and phyllodes tumors is crucial due to differing treatments.
• Timely diagnosis and management are key for optimal patient outcomes in breast conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To retrospectively analyze histopathological patterns of breast lesions.
• To correlate these patterns with demographic and clinical characteristics.
• To evaluate diagnostic and treatment outcomes over a five-year period.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of breast biopsy, mastectomy, and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) reports from January 2017 to December 2022.
• Collection of demographic and clinical data from request forms and hospital registries.
• Review of histopathology slides for all cases.

Main Results:

• The mean age of diagnosis was 34.18 years; 83% of lesions occurred in those under 50.
• Benign lesions (406 cases) were most common, with fibroadenoma being prevalent.
• Malignant lesions (18.5%) were predominantly invasive breast cancer, with peak incidence in the 61-70 age group.

Conclusions:

• Breast lesions exhibit diverse histopathological patterns, with benign conditions being more frequent than malignant ones.
• Fibroadenoma is the most common benign breast lesion, while invasive breast cancer is the most common malignant type.
• Understanding histopathological patterns is vital for improving breast lesion diagnosis and treatment strategies.