Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

4.3K
Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
4.3K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.4K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.4K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

23.2K
23.2K
ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

6.8K
Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
Conversion of...
6.8K
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:09

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.4K
The radical chain-growth polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination of polymerization. The polymerization initiates when a free radical generated from the radical initiator adds to the unsaturated bond in the monomer. The unpaired electron of the free radical and one π electron in the unsaturated bond creates a σ bond between the free radical and the monomer. As a result, the other π electron in the unsaturated bond converts this species into...
3.4K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.8K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Macromolecules with branched architecture via radical polymerization: Insight from computer simulations.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same author

Polymer Systems with Correlated Activity: Stars Versus Linear Chains.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Motility-induced collapse of an active Brownian particle polymer chain.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2024
Same author

Long-range ordering of velocity-aligned active polymers.

The Journal of chemical physics·2024
Same author

Synthesis of Calamitic Fluorinated Mesogens with Complex Crystallization Behavior.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Double Stimuli-Responsive di- and Triblock Copolymers of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and Poly(1-vinylimidazole): Synthesis and Self-Assembly.

International journal of molecular sciences·2023
Same journal

Revisiting crossed-correlated baths in open quantum systems simulated by HEOM or T-TEDOPA.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Vesicle size and membrane composition control monomer transfer pathways in multicomponent lipid vesicles.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Polaron-mediated exciton dynamics of P(NDI2OD-T2) unveiled by transient absorption spectroscopy under electrochemical conditions.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Green-Kubo relation in a mesoscale odd fluid model.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Nitrogenation of microscopic MoS2 surfaces by oxidation scanning probe lithography.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
Same journal

Molecular structure, binding, and disorder in TDBC-Ag plexcitonic assemblies.

The Journal of chemical physics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.9K

How to control a polymer conformation using active forces and sequence design.

Aleksandr Buglakov1, Alexander Chertovich1

  • 1Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Kosygina, 4, 119991 Moscow, Russia and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|October 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active polymers, even with a small fraction of active units, exhibit self-ordering and collapse. This behavior is independent of the specific activity model, suggesting universal properties for these responsive materials.

More Related Videos

OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
08:34

OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 5, 2020

7.1K
Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules
10:58

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules

Published on: July 25, 2013

17.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly
09:34

Synthesis of Information-bearing Peptoids and their Sequence-directed Dynamic Covalent Self-assembly

Published on: February 6, 2020

7.9K
OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy
08:34

OaAEP1-Mediated Enzymatic Synthesis and Immobilization of Polymerized Protein for Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Published on: February 5, 2020

7.1K
Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules
10:58

Protein WISDOM: A Workbench for In silico De novo Design of BioMolecules

Published on: July 25, 2013

17.6K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Active polymers possess monomer units that convert external energy into directed motion.
  • This intrinsic activity drives self-ordering in polymers, creating nonequilibrium states.
  • Such polymers are crucial for understanding biological systems and developing novel synthetic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the conformational behavior of active copolymers with varying distributions of active and passive units.
  • Determine the impact of active unit fraction and block length on copolymer structure.
  • Assess the universality of observed phenomena across different activity models.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized molecular dynamics simulations to model copolymer behavior.
  • Analyzed conformational changes in response to varying fractions of active beads.
  • Examined the influence of repeating block lengths on polymer structure.

Main Results:

  • Even a small fraction of active beads induces polymer collapse.
  • The fraction of active units significantly influences conformational characteristics.
  • The length of repeating blocks affects the overall structure of active copolymers.
  • Observed phenomena are qualitatively independent of the specific activity model employed.

Conclusions:

  • Active copolymers exhibit unique nonequilibrium self-ordering and collapse behaviors.
  • A minimal presence of active units is sufficient to drive significant conformational changes.
  • The findings suggest universal principles governing the behavior of active polymers, applicable to both biological and synthetic systems.