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Related Concept Videos

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...
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Hollow Microneedle-based Sensor for Multiplexed Transdermal Electrochemical Sensing
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Multiscale Cross-Linking via Polysaccharide-Assisted Robust Zwitterionic Hydrogel Interface Enabling Electrochemical

Peng Sun1, Jie Jin1, Meiling Wang1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Interface Science and Engineering in Advanced Materials, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, PR China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|October 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a novel antifouling hydrogel using liquid metal nanoparticles and polysaccharides. This advanced material significantly improves electrochemical sensor performance in complex biological samples.

Keywords:
complex mediaelectrochemical sensorliquid metalpolysaccharidezwitterionic hydrogel

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electrochemical sensors suffer from fouling in complex media, impairing performance.
  • Zwitterionic hydrogels offer antifouling properties but have weak interfacial adhesion.
  • Liquid metal (LM) nanoparticles can be functionalized for improved material interfaces.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an antifouling hydrogel with enhanced interface adhesion for electrochemical sensors.
  • To create a stable and high-performance biosensor for complex biological samples.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional zwitterionic hydrogels in biosensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of liquid metal (LM) nanoparticles coated with anionic polysaccharide.
  • Incorporation of LM nanoparticles and cationic chitosan into a zwitterionic hydrogel network via ultrasonication.
  • Development of an electrochemical immunosensor using the novel hydrogel interface.

Main Results:

  • The polysaccharide-LM nanoparticle and chitosan hydrogel exhibited synergistic enhancement of interface adhesion and antifouling capability.
  • Ultrasonic treatment facilitated the formation of LM nanoparticles, polysaccharide self-assembly, and hydrogel polymerization.
  • The fabricated electrochemical immunosensor achieved an ultralow detection limit (7.17 pg·mL⁻¹) in 100% human serum, comparable to PBS.

Conclusions:

  • The polysaccharide-stabilized antifouling hydrogel interface provides an ingenious solution to sensor fouling and interfacial instability.
  • This approach enables robust and sensitive electrochemical biosensing in complex biological matrices.
  • The developed hydrogel platform holds promise for advancing biosensing and bioelectronics research.