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Temporal Tracing of Pollution Source Using a Continuous eDNA Approach.

Shan Jiang¹, Jianghua Yang², Yu Qiu¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Green Resource Recycling, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|October 22, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a novel time-series pollution source tracing framework using environmental DNA (eDNA) to monitor watershed pollution dynamically. It reveals wastewater treatment plants as a major source, enabling adaptive management strategies.

Keywords:

continuous autosampler eDNA quantitative prediction model pollution source tracing time-series eDNA water quality fluctuations

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Molecular Ecology
Water Resource Management

Background:

Effective watershed pollution management is challenged by dynamic hydrological conditions.
Existing source tracking methods often rely on static assumptions, limiting real-time application.
High-frequency monitoring is crucial for understanding and managing dynamic pollution events.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a time-series pollution source tracing framework using environmental DNA (eDNA).
To quantify the temporal contributions of major pollution sources in a watershed during flood season.
To assess the feasibility of high-frequency eDNA monitoring for adaptive watershed management.

Main Methods:

Development of a field-compatible eDNA autosampling system for semi-daily water collection.
Deployment of the system during the 2024 flood season, collecting 65 samples.
Validation of the eDNA autosampling system's stability and use of public and local DNA source libraries for source identification.

Main Results:

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) identified as the dominant pollution source (54.8% temporal contribution).
Temporal contributions from WWTPs correlated significantly with water quality parameters (NH3-N, TP).
Local-source library validation confirmed source-specific signals (Pearson R = 0.83) and linked WWTPs to regulatory exceedances.

Conclusions:

High-frequency eDNA monitoring offers a powerful tool for real-time pollution diagnostics.
The developed framework enables dynamic assessment of pollution sources, overcoming limitations of static methods.
This approach supports adaptive watershed management strategies for improved water quality.