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Neural mechanisms underlying reward processing and social cognition: A replication study with a Japanese sample.

Kenta Ohnishi1, Michiyo Sugawara2, Yoko Mano3

  • 1Graduate School of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University, Japan.

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|October 22, 2025
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Summary

This study shows that brain activity during reward processing and social cognition is similar across cultures. These findings support the cross-cultural generalizability of neural mechanisms for decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Cross-Cultural Psychology

Background:

  • Reward processing and social cognition are crucial for decision-making.
  • Cultural factors may influence these cognitive processes, necessitating cross-cultural research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the cross-cultural generalizability of neural mechanisms for reward processing and social cognition.
  • To validate functional MRI (fMRI) protocols for future cross-cultural cognitive studies.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan native Japanese speakers.
  • Participants completed the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task for reward processing.
  • Participants also completed the Theory of Mind (ToM) task for social cognition.

Main Results:

  • Replication of previous findings for both MID and ToM tasks.
  • Reward expectation and outcome activated the ventral striatum and ventromedial prefrontal cortex.
  • Social cognition (ToM) was associated with temporoparietal junction activation.
  • The posterior cingulate cortex showed engagement in both tasks, indicating an integrative role.

Conclusions:

  • Neural mechanisms for reward processing and social cognition demonstrate cross-cultural generalizability.
  • The study validates the use of fMRI protocols in diverse populations for cognitive research.