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A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
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Comparative analysis of acute kidney injury in tropical infections: A retrospective cohort study

Thotanolla Surya Prakash1, Jeeja Jaya Janardhanan1, Namesh Kamat1

  • 1Assistant Professor, Department of Nephrology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, India.

Tropical Doctor
|October 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Acute kidney injury (AKI) from tropical infections like dengue and malaria shows better recovery. However, leptospirosis and scrub typhus pose higher risks for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality.

Area of Science:

  • Tropical Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant complication of tropical infections, impacting patient morbidity and mortality.
  • Renal outcomes differ among infections like dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus, but are often not clearly differentiated.
  • Understanding these differences is crucial for effective patient management and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in patients with four common tropical infections.
  • To differentiate the renal recovery trajectories and long-term risks associated with each infection.
  • To identify predictors of poor outcomes in AKI secondary to tropical diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study including 149 patients with AKI.
  • Patients were categorized into four groups: dengue, malaria, leptospirosis, and scrub typhus.
  • Analysis included clinical data, laboratory results, dialysis requirements, and patient outcomes over three months.

Main Results:

  • Highest recovery rates were observed in dengue (85%) and malaria (91%).
  • Leptospirosis (61%) and scrub typhus (67%) were associated with higher risks of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD) (20-28%) and mortality (11-13%).
  • Poor outcomes correlated with older age, hypertension, elevated creatinine, and thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions:

  • Dengue and malaria are linked to better renal recovery post-AKI.
  • Leptospirosis and scrub typhus present greater risks for CKD and mortality, necessitating vigilant monitoring.
  • Early identification of AKI predictors and structured follow-up are essential for managing patients with tropical infections.
Keywords:
Acute kidney injurychronic kidney diseasedenguedialysisleptospirosismalariascrub typhustropical infections

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