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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
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The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
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Employment quality and mortality in Canada.

Faraz V Shahidi1,2, Alessandra T Andreacchi3,2, Anne E Fuller4,5

  • 1Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada fshahidi@iwh.on.ca.

Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health
|October 22, 2025
PubMed
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Employment quality significantly impacts mortality risk. Precarious jobs show the highest mortality rates, while standard and portfolio jobs have the lowest, highlighting the need for nuanced job quality assessment.

Keywords:
cohort studiesdeathemploymentmortalityoccupational health

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Sociology of Work

Background:

  • Non-standard employment is linked to poorer health outcomes compared to standard employment.
  • Previous research has not adequately differentiated between types of non-standard employment quality.
  • This study addresses this gap by examining diverse employment quality typologies and mortality in Canada.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between a detailed typology of employment quality and mortality.
  • To identify specific employment arrangements linked to increased mortality risk.
  • To explore sex/gender differences in these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the 2006 Canadian Health and Environment Cohort (n=2,805,550) linked to death records (2006-2019).
  • Classified employment into five types: standard, portfolio, marginal, intermittent, and precarious.
  • Employed Poisson regression to estimate covariate-adjusted mortality risks by employment type and sex/gender.

Main Results:

  • A dose-response relationship was observed between employment quality and mortality.
  • Workers in precarious employment faced the highest mortality rates.
  • Standard and portfolio employment were associated with the lowest mortality rates, with marginal and intermittent employment in between. Sex/gender differences were noted, with greater inequalities among men.

Conclusions:

  • Findings challenge a simple binary view of 'standard' vs. 'precarious' jobs.
  • A nuanced understanding of employment arrangements and their health impacts is crucial.
  • Policies promoting high-quality jobs and protecting vulnerable workers can improve population health and longevity.