Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.6K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
5.6K
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

4.0K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
4.0K
Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

11.2K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
11.2K
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

2.8K
Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
2.8K
GPCR Desensitization01:12

GPCR Desensitization

7.9K
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling plays a crucial role in cell functioning. GPCR desensitization is an equally essential process. It allows cells to respond to changing environments and regain sensitivity to new stimuli while preventing unnecessary stimulation when no longer needed. Prolonged exposure to stimuli leads to GPCR desensitization. It involves blocking the receptors from binding and activating additional G proteins. This inhibits activation of downstream effectors, thereby...
7.9K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

12.3K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
12.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Decoding Smell from Receptor Structure.

Research square·2026
Same author

Evolutionary diversity and function of odorant receptors in birds.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Sex chromosome gene expression associated with vocal learning following hormonal manipulation in female zebra finches.

eLife·2025
Same author

Antagonists Enhance Cell-Surface Expression of Mammalian Odorant Receptors.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Zebrafish are resilient to the loss of major diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2024
Same author

Engineered odorant receptors illuminate the basis of odour discrimination.

Nature·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

7.4K

Identifying Key Regulators in Odorant Receptor Trafficking.

Hsiu-Yi Lu1, Hiroaki Matsunami1,2

  • 1Departments of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27710 hiroaki.matsunami@duke.edu.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
|October 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers identified accessory proteins, including Synaptotagmin 1 (Syt1), that enhance odorant receptor (OR) cell-surface expression. This discovery aids in understanding olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) development and OR biogenesis.

Keywords:
GPCRchemical sensesolfactory receptorprotein traffickingtranscriptomics

More Related Videos

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

27.3K
High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

13.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase
09:53

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Published on: April 23, 2019

7.4K
Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor
10:16

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Published on: July 13, 2015

27.3K
High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity
12:02

High-throughput Analysis of Mammalian Olfactory Receptors: Measurement of Receptor Activation via Luciferase Activity

Published on: June 2, 2014

13.0K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Odorant receptors (ORs), the largest G protein-coupled receptor family, mediate mammalian odor detection in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs).
  • Most ORs show limited cell surface expression in non-olfactory cells, hindering research.
  • Accessory proteins RTP1 and RTP2 enhance some OR expression, but further regulators are likely involved in OSN maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel proteins that co-regulate with RTP1 and RTP2 during OSN maturation to enhance OR cell surface expression.
  • To develop a computational tool for exploring gene expression during OSN development.
  • To investigate the role of identified co-regulated genes in OR biogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a computational pipeline using single-cell transcriptomic data to analyze gene expression during OSN maturation.
  • Identified genes (Gfy, Clgn, Syt1) co-regulated with Rtp1 during olfactory development.
  • Utilized co-expression assays and co-immunoprecipitation to validate protein interactions and effects on OR expression.

Main Results:

  • Gfy, Clgn, and Syt1 were identified as co-regulated with Rtp1 and enhanced OR cell-surface expression when co-expressed.
  • Demonstrated a physical interaction between Syt1 and the OR Or1ad1, suggesting a role in OR trafficking or stabilization.
  • Observed Syt1 protein localization in mouse OSN cilia.

Conclusions:

  • Identified novel accessory proteins, including Syt1, that promote OR cell-surface expression, advancing understanding of OR biogenesis.
  • Developed a valuable interactive tool for exploring OSN gene expression, benefiting the scientific community.
  • Findings offer new insights into OSN development and provide a foundation for future research on olfactory system regulation.