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Bias in Visual Short-Term Memory for Motion Induced by Perceptually Suppressed Distractors.

Takeshi Miyamoto¹, Kosuke Numasawa²

¹Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan miyamoto@i.nagoya-u.ac.jp.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|October 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Sensory distractors bias visual short-term memory (VSTM) for motion speed. This bias arises from retinal motion, not subjective perception, even during eye movements.

Keywords:

attractive bias distraction effect smooth pursuit eye movements visual motion visual working memory

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Neuroscience
Visual Perception
Memory Research

Background:

Visual short-term memory (VSTM) is susceptible to interference from task-irrelevant sensory distractors.
The precise origin of this interference—physical retinal input versus subjective perception—remains debated.
Previous studies faced limitations in dissociating retinal input from perceptual experience.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate whether physical retinal motion or subjective perception drives VSTM interference for motion speed.
To differentiate the roles of retinal stimulation and conscious awareness in VSTM distractor effects.
To test if VSTM bias for motion speed requires conscious perception.

Main Methods:

Utilized smooth pursuit eye movements to create perceptual invariance for retinal motion.
Presented distractors as either physical object motion or apparent motion (induced by eye movements) with identical retinal motion but distinct perceptions.
Employed a motion speed comparison task with intervening distractors and a classifier analysis.

Main Results:

Retinal motion distractors systematically biased memorized motion speed.
The magnitude of VSTM bias was similar for physical and apparent motion distractors.
A classifier trained on physical motion data successfully predicted distraction effects from apparent motion.

Conclusions:

VSTM bias for motion speed can be induced by retinal motion input alone, independent of subjective perception.
These findings challenge the notion that conscious perception is a prerequisite for VSTM interference.
Distractors impact VSTM for motion speed via retinal signals rather than solely through conscious awareness.