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Global invasion patterns and dynamics of disease vector mosquitoes
Rebecca Pabst1, Carla A Sousa2, Franz Essl3
1Global Health and Tropical Medicine, GHTM, LA-REAL, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, IHMT, NOVA University Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal. pabst.rebecca@gmail.com.
Nature Communications
|October 22, 2025
Summary
Global trade is driving the spread of disease-carrying mosquitoes. Since 2000, 12 new mosquito species have been introduced worldwide, increasing disease risks.
Area of Science:
- Vector-borne diseases
- Invasive species ecology
- Global public health
Background:
- Mosquitoes are significant vectors of human diseases.
- Geographic expansion of mosquitoes is largely due to human activities.
- A comprehensive global analysis of mosquito introductions and range expansions is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compile and analyze worldwide first records of human disease vector mosquitoes.
- To understand the trends in mosquito introductions and range expansions.
- To highlight the role of global trade in mosquito spread.
Main Methods:
- Compilation and analysis of reported first records of mosquito introductions.
- Data analysis of introduction trends over time.
- Identification of geographic origins and recipient regions.
Main Results:
- 45 mosquito species have been introduced globally, with 28 established.
- Introduction of new species has sharply increased since the 1950s.
- Asian species are increasingly dominant among introduced mosquitoes, with North America, Australia, and Europe as primary recipients.
Conclusions:
- Global trade and transportation are key drivers of mosquito spread.
- There is an urgent need for international cooperation to manage mosquito populations.
- Effective control measures are crucial to mitigate public health threats posed by invasive mosquitoes.
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