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Missing teeth and all-cause mortality in US adults.

Paul I Eke1, Liang Wei2, Gina Thornton-Evans1

  • 1Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (NCCDPHP), Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Periodontology 2000
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PubMed
Summary

Complete tooth loss (edentulism) significantly increases mortality risk in US adults over age 30. Losing some teeth, but not all, showed no significant association with death risk.

Keywords:
dental health surveysepidemiologynutrition surveyspopulation healthpublic healthpublic health surveillancetooth loss

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Tooth loss is a prevalent issue among US adults.
  • Associations between oral health and overall mortality require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the relationship between varying degrees of tooth loss and all-cause mortality.
  • To determine if complete tooth loss (edentulism) is a significant predictor of mortality in US adults.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 8710 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) III (1988-1994).
  • Linking baseline data to 2006 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) mortality records.
  • Statistical analysis of mortality rates based on baseline dentition status (fully dentate, partially edentulous, edentulous).

Main Results:

  • Edentulism was significantly associated with increased all-cause mortality (HR=2.58, 95% CI: 1.81-3.69), even after adjustments (HR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.02-2.05).
  • Individuals who were completely edentulous had a higher mortality rate (29.3/1000 person-years) compared to those with all teeth (9.9/1000 person-years).
  • No significant association was found between mortality and losing some, but not all, teeth after covariate adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Complete tooth loss (edentulism) is a statistically significant predictor of all-cause mortality in US adults over 30.
  • The risk of mortality associated with edentulism persists even after accounting for various confounding factors.
  • Losing fewer than 28 teeth does not appear to be significantly linked to increased mortality risk in this population.