The Mechanism and Research Progress of Skin Microbiota in Pathogenesis of Acne

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the sebaceous unit of the facial hair follicle that occurs mainly in adolescence. The four major pathogenesis of acne are excessive secretion of sebum by sebaceous glands, abnormal keratosis of sebaceous glands in hair follicles, reproduction of skin microorganisms such as Cutibacterium acnes (C. acnes), and inflammatory reaction. Among the skin microbiota, C. acnes and Malassezia affect the secretion of sebaceous glands, mediate inflammation, and are closely related to the pathogenesis of acne. With the development of the theory of "Gut-skin axis," the role of intestinal microbiota and skin microecology in acne regulation has gradually become the focus of researchers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of skin microbiota and the interaction between gut and skin on the pathogenesis of acne and to analyze the potential mechanism of skin microbiota during the pathogenesis of acne. It is expected that further understanding of skin microbiota (including its potential mechanism) will help clarify its role in acne and provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and clinical treatment of acne and other inflammatory skin diseases.