Determinants of Negative Childbirth Experience and Its Influence on Mode of Delivery Decisions

Background Maternal perception of childbirth plays a major role in postpartum psychological well-being and subsequent birth choices. Emotional distress, interruption of maternal-infant bonding, and reluctance toward future pregnancies may arise as a result of negative experiences during delivery. This study aimed to explore the socio-demographic, obstetric, and psychosocial factors related to adverse or positive birth experiences and their influence on shaping future preferences in childbirth. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 postpartum women admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their self-reported childbirth experiences: negative (n = 48 [0.67%]) and positive (n = 24 [0.33%]) groups. Structured interviews were used to collect data in the first 48 hours. The data was collected on variables including maternal age, education level, parity, mode of delivery, labor length, use of pain relief, presence of a birth companion, and personnel conduct. Chi-square and t-tests were used to perform statistical analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results Negative experiences were significantly associated with emergency cesarean sections (18 [37.5%] against 3 [12.5%], p = 0.038), labor lasting more than 12 hours (30 [62.5%] vs. 7 [29.2%], p = 0.011), and failure of pain relief measures (29 [60.4%] vs. 4 [16.7%], p = 0.001). The absence of a birth companion (10 [20.8%] vs. 17 [70.8%], p < 0.001) and poor staff attitude (30 [62.5%] vs. 3 [12.5%], p < 0.001) were also associated with the negative experiences. A total of 20 (83.3%) women in the positive group felt supported by professionals, as compared to 20 (41.7%) women in the negative group. The approximate levels were the same with perceived safety (21 [87.5%] vs. 26 [54.2%]) and participation (17 [70.8%] vs. 22 [45.8%]). Women with higher education and urban residency had better chances of reporting positive experiences. Conclusion The modifiable factors, including clinical interventions, pain relief, labor management, support systems, and staff conduct, have a strong impact on negative childbirth experiences. Increased childbirth satisfaction and the determinant of future birth delivery can be greatly improved using better maternity care, adequate pain relief, and support during the labor process.