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A novel nitrogen-enriched coordinated solvation structure (NECS) stabilizes both electrodes in sodium metal batteries (SMBs), enabling uniform sodium plating and enhancing cathode stability for improved performance and longevity.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Sodium (Na) metal anodes offer high theoretical capacity and abundance, making them promising for rechargeable batteries.
  • Instability of electrode interphases in sodium metal batteries (SMBs) leads to performance degradation, limiting their practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design a nitrogen-enriched coordinated solvation structure (NECS) for stabilizing both anode and cathode interfaces in SMBs.
  • To engineer solvation-structure-derived interphases for enhanced battery performance and lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • Development of NECS electrolyte for uniform Na plating/stripping on the anode.
  • Formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) with NaNxOy and Na3N for cathode stabilization.
  • Testing of Na||Na symmetric cells and Na||NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 (NFM) full cells.

Main Results:

  • NECS enabled dendrite-free Na plating/stripping and improved Na anode stability.
  • The NECS-derived CEI enhanced structural stability and electrochemical reversibility of the NFM cathode.
  • Na||Na symmetric cells showed stability over 4000 hours; Na||NFM full cells achieved 1000 cycles with 86.1% retention.

Conclusions:

  • The NECS strategy effectively stabilizes both electrodes in SMBs, addressing key challenges for high-energy and long-lifespan applications.
  • The proposed solvation structure modulation offers a universal approach for advancing SMB technology.