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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

473
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
473
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

707
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
707
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

678
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
678
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

215
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
215
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions01:30

Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions

413
The first step in nursing management of a patient with heart failure involves thoroughly assessing the patient's medical history.Subjective Data: Obtain the patient's medical history of coronary artery disease, hypertension, myocardial infarction, and symptoms like dyspnea, orthopnea, and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.Objective Data: Conduct a physical examination to identify findings such as jugular vein distention, pulmonary crackles, tachycardia, murmurs, peripheral edema, and vital signs,...
413
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

317
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
317

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A Randomized Clinical Implementation Trial Testing a Digital Strategy to Increase SGLT2 Inhibitor Initiation in Heart Failure.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
05:16

Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure

Published on: June 10, 2025

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Patient Characteristics and Mortality Trends Among Octogenarians With Heart Failure: A Real-World Analysis.

Caroline Hartwell Garred1, Mariam Elmegaard1, Daniel Mølager Christensen2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.

JACC. Advances
|October 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Recent heart failure (HF) advances improved survival in octogenarians. Despite more comorbidities, 2-year mortality risk for elderly patients with new-onset HF significantly decreased over 20 years.

Keywords:
agingheart failureprognosistemporal trends

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Uncertainty exists regarding the impact of recent heart failure (HF) management advances on survival rates in the very elderly population.
  • Investigating survival trends in elderly heart failure patients is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze 20-year trends in 2-year mortality among Danish octogenarians diagnosed with new-onset heart failure (HF).
  • To identify factors associated with mortality changes in this demographic over two decades.

Main Methods:

  • Nationwide cohort study of Danish patients aged 80 years and older with incident HF from 2002 to 2021.
  • Assessment of 2-year mortality rates overall and in subgroups (age, sex, frailty, comorbidities).
  • Evaluation of evidence-based HF therapies including ACE inhibitors, ARBs, ARNIs, beta-blockers, and MRAs over time.

Main Results:

  • Crude 2-year mortality risk declined by 8% in octogenarians with incident HF from 2002-2006 to 2017-2021.
  • Adjusted analyses revealed a 28% reduction in mortality hazard in the later period.
  • Mortality improvements were seen across all subgroups, with increased diagnoses in outpatient settings and more recorded comorbidities over time.

Conclusions:

  • Two-year mortality rates for octogenarians with heart failure have improved over the past two decades.
  • These improvements were observed despite an increase in recorded comorbidities at the time of HF diagnosis in this elderly cohort.