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A tour of leukemia progress in 2025, viewed through the MD Anderson leukemia research lens

Hagop M Kantarjian1, Gautam Borthakur1, Naval Daver1

  • 1Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.

Cancer
|October 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Targeted therapies have transformed leukemia treatment, improving outcomes and reducing chemotherapy reliance for many patients. Further advancements are needed for high-risk leukemia subtypes.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Leukemia treatment has seen significant progress over the last 20 years.
  • Targeted therapies have revolutionized leukemia management, improving survival rates.
  • Chemotherapy intensity has been reduced in many leukemia types due to new treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the treatment of acute and chronic leukemias.
  • To highlight the impact of targeted therapies on leukemia outcomes.
  • To identify areas needing further research in leukemia treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on leukemia prognostication, monitoring, and treatment.
  • Analysis of the impact of targeted therapies, including antibodies and small molecule inhibitors.
  • Categorization of leukemia types based on risk stratification and treatment response.

Main Results:

  • Targeted therapies like blinatumomab, inotuzumab, BCR::ABL1 TKIs, BTK inhibitors, and venetoclax have drastically changed the treatment landscape.
  • Improved survival outcomes are observed with reduced chemotherapy intensity for many leukemia types.
  • Leukemia types such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, younger acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia are now considered favorable.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress in leukemia treatment has led to improved outcomes over the past two decades.
  • Targeted therapies have enhanced survival and reduced chemotherapy dependence in many leukemia subtypes.
  • Further research is crucial for improving outcomes in adverse risk groups like TP53-mutated, MECOM-rearranged, and treated secondary AML.
Keywords:
acute lymphoblastic leukemiaacute myeloid leukemiachimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapychronic lymphocytic leukemiachronic myeloid leukemiamonoclonal antibodytargeted therapy

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