Gastric Biofeedback in Virtual Reality: Feasibility, Efficacy and Self-Reported Experience

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Human-Computer Interaction
• Virtual Reality Technology

Background:

• Dysrhythmic gastric activity (bradygastria, tachygastria) correlates with symptoms like nausea and epigastric discomfort.
• Electrogastrography (EGG) biofeedback is a potential method for regulating gastric rhythm, but requires further investigation.
• Limited experimental studies exist on gastric biofeedback interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate a novel virtual reality (VR) gastric biofeedback training system.
• To assess the system's impact on gastric myoelectric activity, specifically increasing normogastria and decreasing dysrhythmic activity.
• To examine user-reported experiences, including motivation, attention, mood, and presence.

Main Methods:

• A randomized controlled study with 94 participants across three groups: VR gastric biofeedback, 2D screen biofeedback, and a relaxation control.
• Gastric activity was monitored before, during, and after training sessions.
• Self-reported data on user experience and psychological measures were collected.

Main Results:

• Training led to a peak in normogastria and a reduction in dysrhythmic gastric activity.
• Participants reported enhanced ability to manage physical discomfort.
• Both VR and 2D groups showed improved time perception and concentration compared to controls, with higher spatial presence in the VR group.

Conclusions:

• The VR gastric biofeedback paradigm is technically feasible and positively evaluated by users.
• Further research is necessary to elucidate underlying mechanisms and clinical applicability in patient populations.
• The study provides a foundation for developing EGG biofeedback interventions using immersive technologies.