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Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin...

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Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants

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Published on: May 23, 2020

Orthognathic Surgery for Patients With Implants and Prostheses.

Gustavo M Albuquerque¹, José V B Maciel², Hana Shah^3,4

¹Department of Medicine, Pernambuco School of Health Sciences, Recife, PE.

The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

|October 23, 2025

Summary

Orthognathic surgery can effectively correct severe jaw deformities in adults, even those previously treated with other methods. This approach offers a viable alternative to traditional compensatory measures for complex maxillomandibular disharmony.

Keywords:

Bone grafting dental implants maxillomandibular deformities orthognathic surgery prosthetic rehabilitation

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Area of Science:

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Orthodontics
Craniofacial Reconstruction

Background:

Orthognathic surgery is typically for developmental dentofacial deformities.
Many adults with skeletal discrepancies receive compensatory treatments instead of surgical correction.
Previous rehabilitation methods may not fully address underlying jaw structure issues.

Purpose of the Study:

To present cases of adult patients undergoing orthognathic surgery for maxillomandibular disharmony.
To demonstrate individualized treatment strategies for complex adult dentofacial deformities.
To challenge the age limitation for skeletal correction in orthognathic surgery.

Main Methods:

Case series of 5 adult patients with maxillomandibular disharmony.
Individualized treatment including implant repositioning, bone grafting, and digital planning.
Management of previously rehabilitated patients with complex needs.

Main Results:

Successful correction of maxillomandibular disharmony in adult patients.
Feasibility of orthognathic surgery in older patients previously treated with compensatory measures.
Favorable outcomes achieved through comprehensive interdisciplinary planning and advanced techniques.

Conclusions:

Orthognathic surgery is effective for correcting complex dentofacial deformities in adults.
Comprehensive planning is crucial for successful outcomes in previously rehabilitated patients.
Skeletal correction via orthognathic surgery is a viable option beyond the typical developmental window.