Evaluating the feasibility of episode-contingent experience sampling burst designs

Experience sampling methodology has been widely used to study the links between emotion dynamics and mental health. Most studies rely on time-contingent sampling schemes, with momentary questionnaires being sent at prespecified times, usually multiple hours apart. The present study investigated the added value of episode-contingent (EC) burst designs, which may shed further light on emotion dynamics by triggering a series of closely timed beeps upon detecting emotional episodes. Using data from three EC studies (N = 185), we investigated the effectiveness and feasibility of two types of EC designs: signal-based (EC-Signal; bursts initiated when emotion ratings exceed thresholds) and event-based (EC-Event; bursts initiated by participants). Both EC designs are effective in capturing emotional episodes, but the quantity and intensity of the episodes varied depending on which of these two designs was used and the valence of the episodes. Regarding feasibility, compared to EC-Event, EC-Signal typically led to higher participant burden and lower compliance for both regular and follow-up beeps. Moreover, compliance tended to decrease over time and burden tended to increase for both EC-Signal and time-contingent, but not for EC-Event. In conclusion, both EC approaches showed feasibility but have distinct advantages and drawbacks. To select the best approach, researchers should carefully balance these trade-offs to maximize utility within specific research contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).