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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

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Published on: July 18, 2025
Spatiotemporal modeling of oxygen transport and layered regulation in tidal flow constructed wetlands
Rui Ma1, Lanlan Fu1, Jiangsen Ma2
1College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
Abstract:
Tidal flow constructed wetlands (TFCW) are widely used for treating domestic, industrial, agricultural, and aquaculture wastewaters due to their ecological advantages. However, the reoxygenation efficiency remains inconsistent across operational conditions, primarily because current practices rely on empirical oxygen enhancement strategies, lacking a mechanistic understanding of pore-scale oxygen dynamics and the interplay between oxygen supply and microbial demand during the resting phase. In this study, a spatiotemporal model (φ(x,t)) was developed to quantify the distribution of oxygen within the pores, revealing the synergistic effects of resting time, pollutant load, and the media particle size on oxygen transfer. A "tidal-layered oxygen supply" strategy was proposed to optimize multilayer microenvironments. The results demonstrated three distinct phases of oxygen variation during the resting period: rapid decline, stabilization, and gradual recovery. The model, with a high goodness-of-fit (R²=0.998), identified an oxygen-regulation-dominant layer (0-10 cm, η(x)=58 %) and diffusion-limited zones (>10 cm, η(x)<15 %). Convection (43.2 %) and diffusion (56.8 %) governed reoxygenation, forming a dual-phase mechanism: early convection dominance followed by sustained diffusion. This work provides the quantitative framework for dynamic oxygen regulation in TFCW, advancing beyond empirical approaches and offering strategies for precision oxygen management in tidal flow systems.
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