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Processing trimorphemic words: linearity and internal structure.

Yaxuan Meng¹, Sandra Kotzor², Aditi Lahiri³

¹School of Foreign Studies, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, China.

Neuropsychologia

|October 23, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The internal structure of trimorphemic words impacts stem access. Right-branching words show faster lexical access than left-branching ones, suggesting suffixes are more separable from stems than prefixes.

Keywords:

Morphological complexity Morphological decomposition Non-linearity Trimorphemic words

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Area of Science:

Psycholinguistics
Cognitive Science
Linguistics

Background:

The internal structure of trimorphemic words and its effect on accessing word stems is underexplored.
The arrangement of affixes (left-branching vs. right-branching) in complex words raises questions about word decomposition and stem accessibility.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how the internal structure of trimorphemic words influences lexical stem access.
To compare the effects of morphological structure, semantic relatedness, and form relatedness on stem access.

Main Methods:

A cross-modal priming experiment was conducted using trimorphemic primes and stem targets.
Four conditions were tested: semantic, form, morphological left-branching, and morphological right-branching.
Behavioral responses and event-related potentials (ERPs) were analyzed.

Main Results:

Behavioral data showed facilitation for both left- and right-branching morphological conditions, but not for semantic or form conditions.
ERP analysis revealed N400 attenuation for semantic primes, indicating facilitation.
A significant difference was observed between morphological conditions: left-branching showed no facilitation, while right-branching showed inhibition (increased N400).

Conclusions:

The internal structure of trimorphemic words significantly affects lexical stem access.
An asymmetry exists between left- and right-branching structures, with right-branching (suffixation) facilitating stem access more readily than left-branching (prefixation).
Suffixes appear more separable from the stem than prefixes, influencing the speed and ease of accessing the core word meaning.