Decoding RNA therapeutics: Precision approaches in women's health

RNA-based technologies are innovating precision medicine, offering novel opportunities for addressing complex and underdiagnosed conditions in women's health. This review provides a structured overview of current RNA-targeted therapies-including messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines, RNA interference (RNAi), antisense oligonucleotides, and non-coding RNA modulators-and their applications in gynecological cancers, reproductive disorders, pregnancy complications, and hormone-related conditions. We highlight key advances in drug delivery systems (e.g., lipid nanoparticles), companion diagnostics, and precision-informed treatment approaches informed by pharmacogenomics. Special emphasis is placed on the biological and hormonal differences affecting treatment response, as well as the ethical, regulatory, and equity considerations in deploying RNA therapeutics for female populations. Ongoing clinical trials and emerging technologies such as (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) CRISPR-based tools and AI-guided biomarker discovery suggest a rapidly expanding frontier. By synthesizing multidisciplinary research, this review underscores the transformative potential of RNA therapeutics in tailoring interventions and improving outcomes for women globally.