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P100 in major depressive disorder and healthy controls: An emotion-processing task.

Zoe K Kratochwil1, Jessica Kesik2, Duygu Keskin-Gökcelli2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Gaustraße 20, 42119, Wuppertal, Germany; LVR-University Hospital Essen, Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Virchowstraße 174, 45147, Essen, Germany; Center for Translational Neuro and Behavioral Sciences (C-TNBS), Medical Faculty University, Hospital of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.

International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology
|October 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients show reduced right-hemispheric dominance in early visual processing compared to healthy controls. This diminished hemispheric lateralization in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is influenced by gender, anxiety, and medication.

Keywords:
Emotion-processing taskMajor depressive disorderP100 amplitudeP100 latency

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by altered emotion processing, including reduced positive reactivity and heightened negative sensitivity.
  • The precise biological mechanisms underlying these emotional and cognitive biases in MDD remain unclear.
  • Event-related potentials offer a window into the neural dynamics of emotion processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate event-related P100 components associated with emotion processing in individuals with MDD compared to healthy controls (HCS).
  • To explore how neural processing of emotional stimuli differs between MDD patients and HCS.

Main Methods:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) with a 64-channel system was used to record P100 amplitudes and latencies.
  • Participants included 87 MDD patients and 100 HCS, assessed on responses to emotional stimuli (positive, negative, neutral) varying in arousal.
  • P100 measures were analyzed across left and right hemisphere electrodes.

Main Results:

  • Healthy controls (HCS) displayed greater right-hemisphere P100 amplitudes, indicating right-hemispheric dominance, which was absent in MDD patients.
  • P100 amplitudes were higher in women than men and correlated with higher state anxiety.
  • Medication status influenced P100: unmedicated individuals had higher amplitudes, while SSRI use correlated with shorter latencies and SNRI use with longer latencies.

Conclusions:

  • MDD is associated with diminished hemispheric lateralization in early visual processing, unlike the right-hemispheric dominance observed in HCS.
  • No significant effects of stimulus valence or arousal on P100 were found.
  • Gender, anxiety levels, and psychotropic medication significantly modulate P100 measures, indicating subtle alterations in visual processing in MDD.