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Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Published on: December 17, 2010

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Hypophysitis Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Andrea Corsello1, Rosa Maria Paragliola2, Francesco Torino3

  • 1Centro di Eccellenza Malattie Gastrointestinali e Endocrino-Metaboliche, Unità di Chirurgia Endocrina, Ospedale Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|October 23, 2025
PubMed

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are widely used in cancer therapy. They boost the immune system's ability to destroy cancer cells but lead to immune-related adverse events (irAEs). ICIs-related hypophysitis (IRH) is one of the most significant endocrine irAE, and it is most frequently associated with anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 therapy. The diagnosis is clinical as there is no specific imaging or currently available serologic markers. The typical presentation of IRH is central adrenal insufficiency that can be associated with other pituitary hormone deficits. Treatment is based on hormone replacement therapy and does not require high-dose glucocorticoids or discontinuation of immunotherapy.

Keywords:
CTLA-4HypophysitisHypopituitarismImmune checkpoint inhibitorsPD-1PD-L1

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