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Optimum takeoff angles for triple jump.

Hiroki Okubo1, Mont Hubbard2

  • 1Chiba Institute of Technology, 2-17-1, Tsudanuma, Narashino, 2750016, Chiba, Japan.

Journal of Biomechanics
|October 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A single-rigid-body (SRB) model reveals optimal triple jump takeoff angles maximize distance. Run-up speed influences takeoff velocity but not optimal angles, with jump-dominated strategies emerging at higher speeds.

Keywords:
Phase ratiosRun-up speedTakeoff anglesTriple jumpVelocity conversion

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science
  • Athletic Performance

Background:

  • The triple jump involves complex kinematic sequences.
  • Understanding optimal takeoff strategies is crucial for maximizing jump distance.
  • Previous models have simplified the triple jump mechanics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate triple jump total distance using a single-rigid-body (SRB) model.
  • To analyze the influence of run-up speed and takeoff angles (hop, step, jump) on jump distance.
  • To explore the relationship between velocity conversion and takeoff strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation using an approximate single-rigid-body (SRB) model.
  • Investigation of total distance based on varying run-up speeds and takeoff angles.
  • Validation using previously measured elite athlete takeoff angles.

Main Results:

  • A single optimal combination of takeoff angles maximizes total distance for each run-up speed.
  • A linear correlation exists between loss of horizontal velocity and gain in vertical velocity during support.
  • Jump-dominated strategies become more likely with increasing total distance, featuring maintained horizontal speed in hop/step and specific angle configurations.

Conclusions:

  • The SRB model effectively accounts for velocity conversion despite simplified assumptions.
  • Run-up speed primarily affects takeoff speeds, with minimal impact on optimal takeoff angles.
  • Phase ratios are emergent results, not controllable parameters, in triple jump execution.