Transforming waste pharmaceutical blister into sustainable concrete

The increasing global focus on sustainability and decarbonization has highlighted the urgent need for effective plastic waste management strategies, including their potential reuse in construction materials. Pharmaceutical blister packaging, primarily composed of plastic aluminium laminates, represents a growing post-consumer waste stream, further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic due to increased reliance on solid medications. Recycling waste pharmaceutical blisters (WPBs) poses significant challenges; however, its incorporation into concrete offers a sustainable alternative for waste utilization. This study explores the feasibility of using WPB in M30 concrete by developing two mix categories through the absolute volume method: (i) direct addition of WPB (0-30% by weight of sand) and (ii) partial replacement of sand with WPB (5-30%). Compressive strength tests identified 20% substitution as optimal, with mixes achieving 92-95% of control strength. Non-destructive evaluation using the Schmidt Rebound Hammer validated destructive testing results. Water absorption analysis revealed that partial sand replacement provided better resistance compared to direct addition. Furthermore Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses of the optimum mix after 90 days confirmed well-developed hydration products and strong interfacial bonding between WPB fibers and the cementitious matrix. The results demonstrate that WPB can be effectively utilized in low-strength concrete, providing a promising solution for pharmaceutical waste management while contributing to circular economy and decarbonization goals in the construction sector. Future studies should investigate durability under aggressive environments, behavior at elevated temperatures, and flexural performance, along with advanced microstructural characterization to better understand interfacial transition zones.