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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children featuring ataxia and papilledema: a case report

Seyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh1, Rafat Noeiaghdam2, Leila Johari1

  • 1Allergy Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Journal of Medical Case Reports
|October 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) can present with neurological symptoms. This case highlights concurrent ataxia and papilledema as rare, potentially treatable, signs of MIS-C.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Inflammatory Syndromes

Background:

  • Neurological symptoms can occur in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C).
  • Concurrent ataxia and papilledema have not been previously reported in MIS-C patients.
  • Early recognition of neurological signs is crucial for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of concurrent ataxia and papilledema in a child with MIS-C.
  • To increase awareness of unusual neurological presentations of MIS-C among healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of a 13-year-old boy presenting with MIS-C symptoms.
  • Detailed description of neurological manifestations including ataxia and papilledema.
  • Documentation of treatment response to high-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin.

Main Results:

  • The patient exhibited fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, photophobia, headache, and ataxia.
  • Neurological symptoms, including ataxia, showed improvement after treatment.
  • The patient was discharged after 9 days of hospitalization.

Conclusions:

  • Ataxia and papilledema are extremely rare but possible neurological manifestations of MIS-C.
  • Physicians should consider these rare signs in the differential diagnosis of MIS-C.
  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment can lead to favorable outcomes in pediatric patients with MIS-C.
Abstract

Keywords:
AtaxiaCOVID-19Multisystem inflammatory syndromePapilledema

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