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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Disorders of the Male Reproductive System01:20

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Men's health issues are increasingly recognized as significant, with several conditions posing common threats. Among these, testicular cancer is especially prevalent in younger men, particularly those aged 20 to 35 years. The disease often manifests as a painless mass in the testicles, sometimes accompanied by a sensation of heaviness or a dull ache.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
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Higher Circulating Testosterone Linked to Higher CAD Risk in Men: Mendelian Randomization and Survival Analyses.

Emily J Morbey1, Felix R Day1, Adam S Butterworth2,3,4,5,6

  • 1MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, L3 Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0SL, UK.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher testosterone levels increase coronary artery disease risk in men, but not women, according to Mendelian randomization. This finding highlights a potential cardiovascular risk associated with testosterone supplementation.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationcoronary artery diseasesurvival analysistestosteronetestosterone supplementation

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Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Genetic Epidemiology

Background:

  • Testosterone supplementation is widely used for sexual and metabolic health benefits.
  • Cardiovascular risks associated with testosterone therapy remain uncertain.
  • Mendelian randomization (MR) studies can investigate causal effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the causal effect of higher circulating testosterone on coronary artery disease (CAD) using MR.
  • To examine the phenotypic association between measured testosterone and CAD in men aged 40-69.

Main Methods:

  • MR study utilizing genetic data from UK Biobank (n=425,097) for testosterone and CARDIoGRAMplusC4D (n=1,165,690) for CAD.
  • Phenotypic association analysis in a cohort of men aged 40-69.
  • CAD defined by CARDIoGRAMplusC4D and longitudinal medical records/self-report.

Main Results:

  • Higher genetically predicted testosterone increased CAD risk in men (OR 1.17, P=3.32×10-4), mediated by blood pressure.
  • No significant CAD risk was observed in women.
  • Observational analyses showed a reverse association in men, likely due to confounding factors like Type 2 diabetes and BMI.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated testosterone levels may increase cardiovascular disease risk in men.
  • This safety concern warrants attention in future testosterone supplementation clinical trials.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the cardiovascular implications of testosterone therapy.