Association between cardiometabolic index and overactive bladder in U.S. adults: findings from NHANES [2017-2020]

The cardiometabolic index (CMI) is a novel marker of visceral obesity and dyslipidemia. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the potential association between CMI and the odds of overactive bladder (OAB).

In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,740 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2017 and 2020 were enrolled. We employed a multivariate logistic regression model and conducted subgroup analyses to investigate the association between CMI and the prevalence of OAB. Curve fitting and threshold effect analysis were performed to assess the nonlinear relationship between CMI and OAB. The predictive efficacy of CMI, lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), body mass index (BMI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI), and triglyceride glucose index (TyG) on the incidence of OAB was determined by drawing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

After adjusting for potential confounding factors, logistic regression analysis showed that higher CMI levels were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of OAB. After full adjustment for the model, a positive association was observed [odds ratio (OR) =1.25; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-1.47], indicating that the odds of OAB increased by 25% for each unit increase in CMI. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that this association remained consistent across most subgroups. Smoothing curve fitting further confirmed a positively correlated nonlinear relationship between CMI and OAB odds. By plotting the ROC curves, we found that the area under the curve (AUC) for CMI, LAP, VAI, BMI, TyG, and WWI were 0.719, 0.715, 0.713, 0.712, 0.712, and 0.712, respectively.

This study suggests that CMI is positively associated with the incidence of OAB in U.S. adults. Therefore, CMI may be a predictor of OAB occurrence.