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Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
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Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
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Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

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Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, function as the primary transmitters of information throughout the body. Their ability to communicate through electrical and chemical signals is vital for every bodily function, from regulating the heartbeat to processing complex thoughts. Each neuron has three main components: the cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon, each specialized to facilitate swift and efficient neural communication.
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Blebbisomes as autonomous communication hubs.

Ying Gao1, Tiebang Kang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, Guangdong, China.

Extracellular Vesicles and Circulating Nucleic Acids
|October 24, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Newly discovered blebbisomes are large extracellular vesicles (EVs) that act as communication hubs. These motile EVs can internalize and secrete other EVs, playing a key role in intercellular signaling networks.

Keywords:
BlebbisomesEVscommunication

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Extracellular Vesicle Research
  • Intercellular Communication

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication.
  • Novel types of EVs with unique functions are continually being discovered.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize blebbisomes, a newly identified class of large extracellular vesicles.
  • To investigate the functional capabilities of blebbisomes in intercellular communication.

Main Methods:

  • Characterization of blebbisome morphology and size.
  • Analysis of blebbisome motility.
  • Investigation of blebbisome-EV interactions, including internalization and secretion.

Main Results:

  • Blebbisomes are large extracellular vesicles with unique motile properties.
  • Blebbisomes exhibit complex vesicle trafficking functions.
  • Blebbisomes can internalize and secrete other extracellular vesicles, acting as communication hubs.

Conclusions:

  • Blebbisomes represent a novel class of extracellular vesicles with significant roles in intercellular communication.
  • Their ability to traffic other EVs positions them as key intermediaries in cellular signaling networks.
  • Further research into blebbisomes may reveal new therapeutic targets for diseases involving altered intercellular communication.