Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Activity of Posterior Lateral Line Afferent Neurons during Swimming in Zebrafish
10:34

Activity of Posterior Lateral Line Afferent Neurons during Swimming in Zebrafish

Published on: February 10, 2021

4.2K

Stroke rate-stroke length dynamics in elite freestyle swimming: application of kernel density estimation

Craig A Staunton1, Jesús J Ruiz-Navarro2, Dennis-Peter Born3,4

  • 1Department of Environmental and Bioscience, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden.

Frontiers in Sports and Active Living
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Elite swimmers use varied stroke strategies (stroke rate and stroke length) depending on race distance. Medallists optimize technique and conditioning to maintain high stroke rates without sacrificing stroke length for peak performance.

Keywords:
biomechanical analysiselite athleteskernel density estimationpacing strategiesperformance visualization

More Related Videos

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish10:56

Long-term Behavioral Tracking of Freely Swimming Weakly Electric Fish

Published on: March 6, 2014

13.0K
Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software08:47

Automated Analysis of C. elegans Swim Behavior Using CeleST Software

Published on: December 7, 2016

13.3K

Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output01:22

Cardiac Output II: Effect of Stroke Volume on Cardiac Output

Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
Preload
Preload refers to the initial elongation of the cardiac myocytes before contraction and is related to the volume of blood filling the heart at the end of diastole, or end-diastolic volume. The...
3.1K
Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume01:11

Cardiac Output and Stroke Volume

Cardiac output (CO) is an integral aspect of human physiology, reflecting the heart's efficiency and responsiveness to the body's needs. It represents the volume of blood that the left or right ventricle ejects into the aorta or pulmonary trunk each minute. The CO is calculated by multiplying the heart rate (HR)—the number of heartbeats per minute—by the stroke volume (SV)—the amount of blood pumped out with each heartbeat.
In an average resting adult male, the typical cardiac...
4.4K
Derivatives: Problem Solving01:26

Derivatives: Problem Solving

Temperature-Dependent Growth of Brook TroutThe growth of brook trout is closely influenced by water temperature. Experimental data demonstrate how trout weight changes over a 24-day period in response to varying water temperatures. At lower temperatures, such as 15.5 degrees Celsius, brook trout show significant weight gain. However, as the temperature increases, the amount of weight gained steadily decreases. At the highest temperature measured, 24.4 degrees Celsius, trout experience a net...
2
Estimating Population Standard Deviation01:26

Estimating Population Standard Deviation

When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...
3.3K
One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation01:24

One-Compartment Open Model: Wagner-Nelson and Loo Riegelman Method for ka Estimation

This lesson introduces two critical methods in pharmacokinetics, the Wagner-Nelson and Loo-Riegelman methods, used for estimating the absorption rate constant (ka) for drugs administered via non-intravenous routes. The Wagner-Nelson method relates ka to the plasma concentration derived from the slope of a semilog percent unabsorbed time plot. However, it is limited to drugs with one-compartment kinetics and can be impacted by factors like gastrointestinal motility or enzymatic degradation.
On...
1.1K
Parametric Survival Analysis: Weibull and Exponential Methods01:14

Parametric Survival Analysis: Weibull and Exponential Methods

Parametric survival analysis models survival data by assuming a specific probability distribution for the time until an event occurs. The Weibull and exponential distributions are two of the most commonly used methods in this context, due to their versatility and relatively straightforward application.
Weibull Distribution
The Weibull distribution is a flexible model used in parametric survival analysis. It can handle both increasing and decreasing hazard rates, depending on its shape parameter...
1.0K