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Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
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Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area.
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Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
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Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Association Between Serum Micronutrients and Advanced CKM Syndrome: An Interpretable Machine Learning-Based Study.

Yi Ou1, Xinyi Shao1, Yidian Fu2

  • 1Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China.

Food Science & Nutrition
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low levels of key micronutrients, including vitamin D (25(OH)D), vitamin C, and lycopene, are linked to higher risks of advanced cardiovascular and kidney disease (CKM) syndrome. Managing these nutrient levels may help control the condition.

Keywords:
NHANESSHAPadvanced CKM syndromemachine learningmicronutrients

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular and Renal Medicine
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cardiovascular and kidney disease (CKM) is a common systemic disorder involving complex cardiovascular interactions.
  • The link between serum micronutrients and advanced CKM syndrome remains poorly understood.
  • Micronutrient intake is increasingly recognized for its potential association with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between serum micronutrient levels and the risk of advanced CKM syndrome.
  • To identify specific micronutrients that may serve as predictive biomarkers for advanced CKM syndrome.
  • To explore the potential role of micronutrients in the etiology and management of advanced CKM syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
  • Employed the Boruta algorithm for serum micronutrient feature selection.
  • Predicted advanced CKM syndrome risk using seven machine learning (ML) models, including LGBM.
  • Applied SHAP and PDP analyses to interpret ML model predictions and assess micronutrient impact.

Main Results:

  • Lower serum levels of β-carotene, α-tocopherol, lycopene, vitamin C, and 25(OH)D were significantly associated with an increased risk of advanced CKM syndrome (p < 0.05).
  • The LGBM model demonstrated superior performance in predicting advanced CKM syndrome risk.
  • SHAP and PDP analyses identified low 25(OH)D levels as the primary risk factor, with synergistic effects noted for 25(OH)D, vitamin C, and lycopene.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides novel insights into the relationship between serum micronutrients and advanced CKM syndrome risk using advanced ML techniques.
  • Decreased levels of 25(OH)D, lycopene, and vitamin C are identified as key potential risk factors for advanced CKM syndrome.
  • Managing serum levels of 25(OH)D, vitamin C, and lycopene may be crucial for controlling advanced CKM syndrome and informing public health strategies.