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Exploring Determinants of Well-Being Among International Students: A Basis for Health Policy and Risk Management in

Putu Ayu Indrayathi^1,2, Eszter Kovács^1,3, Pande Putu Januraga²

¹Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy

|October 24, 2025

Abstract

Purpose:

Studying abroad represents a significant risk factor for diminished health and well-being due to cultural, environmental, and psychosocial challenges. This study aimed to explore international students' perceptions of well-being and examine the factors contributing to their well-being while living and studying abroad.

Methods:

We used an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study design. The first part of the research involved a qualitative study conducted through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. We analyzed the data using thematic analysis. We used the results from the first stage to develop the quantitative part of the study. Multiple regression was used to analyze the factors contributing to international students' perceived well-being.

Results:

The qualitative study identified four main factors: academic life, health, social connectedness, and environmental factors. The quantitative study found that faculty and student status significantly affected well-being.

Conclusion:

Universities and those managing international student affairs should develop pre-arrival plans for incoming students, considering their diverse backgrounds and perspectives on well-being. Student well-being positively influences academic results by enhancing cognitive function, motivation, social engagement, and resilience while reducing risks of stress, burnout, and dropout rates.

Keywords:

health higher education international student well-being

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