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Overview of Skeletal Muscle01:15

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Skeletal muscles are composed of a bundle of muscle fibers and are attached to bones through tendons. Each skeletal muscle fiber is a single muscle cell. The sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of a skeletal muscle cell, consists of a lipid bilayer and glycocalyx that supports muscle fibers. The sarcolemma extends into the muscle cells to form tubular structures called transverse or T-tubules. Each side of the T-tubules consists of a membrane-bound structure called the sarcoplasmic reticulum,...
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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 14, 2026

Assessing Functional Metrics of Skeletal Muscle Health in Human Skeletal Muscle Microtissues
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What Is 'Muscle Health'? A Narrative Review and Conceptual Framework.

Katie L Boncella1,2,3,4, Dustin J Oranchuk1,2, Daniela Gonzalez-Rivera1,2,5

  • 1Muscle Morphology, Mechanics, and Performance Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Muscle health lacks a standard definition, impacting research and clinical practice. This study proposes a framework based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health to standardize muscle health assessment.

Keywords:
functional capacitymorphologymuscle healthmuscle performancephysiologystrengthtissue composition

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Physiology
  • Rehabilitation Science

Background:

  • Muscle health is a critical, yet undefined, concept for physical performance and independence.
  • Current research and clinical communication suffer from a lack of standardized muscle health definitions.
  • A conceptual model grounded in an established framework is needed to advance the understanding and assessment of muscle health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize measurement approaches for muscle health in clinical and research settings.
  • To identify common definitions and assessment tools used for muscle health.
  • To propose a structured framework for evaluating muscle health.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search and narrative synthesis of clinical trials and randomized controlled trials published within the last 5 years.
  • Searched PubMed and CINAHL for studies explicitly using the term "muscle health".
  • Analyzed studies for explicit definitions of muscle health, identified outcomes, and measurement tools, synthesizing findings within the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework.

Main Results:

  • Of 65 included studies, only 29 provided an operational definition of muscle health.
  • Commonly measured components included body composition/muscle mass (92.3%), muscle performance (78.5%), and physical function (63.1%).
  • Prevalent assessment methods were grip strength (64.6%), DXA (44.6%), and gait speed (27.7%).

Conclusions:

  • Significant variability exists in the definition and measurement of muscle health across studies.
  • The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework offers domains (morphology, functional status, physical capacity) for a structured approach to muscle health evaluation.
  • Standardizing assessment using these domains can improve consistency in research and clinical practice.