[Current situation of people with polio and post-polio syndrome in Spain]

Poliomyelitis and post-polio syndrome (PPS) continue to affect many people in Spain. Despite the eradication of the virus in much of the world, its sequelae persist and cause significant functional and social limitations. The lack of recent studies on the reality of this population makes it difficult to design appropriate interventions. This study aimed to investigate the current situation of individuals with polio and PPS, focusing on their functional, nutritional, psychological, emotional, and social status.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of eighty-seven individuals from various polio associations in Spain. Data were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Descriptive statistical analyses were applied to interpret the data.

The results showed that the majority of participants (85.1%) exhibited some degree of dependence in daily activities and a high concern about the risk of falls, with 78.2% identified at risk of falling and 80.5% expressing high concern. Additionally, a significant risk of malnutrition was observed in 49.3% of the participants, along with a tendency toward overweight and obesity affecting 40.3%. Emotional issues such as anxiety (mean 7.26) and depression (mean 5.10), as well as sleep difficulties (mean insomnia score 25.77), were common among those affected. While social support was adequate for most, 31.7% perceived limited support.

The findings highlights the need for a multidisciplinary approach that integrates physical rehabilitation, psychological support, and nutrition programs to improve the well-being of individuals with polio and PPS in Spain.