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Related Concept Videos

Pharmaceutical Alternatives: Stability-Related Therapeutic Nonequivalence01:22

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Generic intravenous (IV) drugs are considered bioequivalent to their branded counterparts due to their 100% bioavailability upon administration. However, variations in stability among different drug products can significantly influence their therapeutic performance, even if they are pharmaceutically equivalent.Cefuroxime, a prophylactic antimicrobial, is often used as a single-dose IV injection for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. A 3 g dose typically provides...
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Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test01:26

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A urine culture and sensitivity test is a diagnostic procedure used to identify urinary tract bacterial infections and determine the most effective antibiotics for treatment. This test is generally preferred when a patient shows manifestations of a urinary tract infection, such as frequent or painful urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, or lower abdominal pain.Purpose of the TestThe primary goals of a urine culture and sensitivity test are to:Determine the specific bacteria causing the...
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is commonly administered via intermittent intravenous infusion to treat severe infections. An intermittent one-hour infusion of gentamicin, administered at eight-hour intervals, allows for precise control of plasma drug concentrations, minimizing toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy. Pharmacokinetic principles govern the dynamics of plasma concentrations and can be mathematically described using specific equations.The plasma drug concentration...
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Cefalexin prescribing appropriateness in general practice: an evaluation study.

Ibrahim S Al-Busaidi1, Sarmad Qamar1, Yao-Min Lin1

  • 1Department of Primary Care and Clinical Simulation, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.

Journal of Primary Health Care
|October 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study found that over half of cefalexin prescriptions in New Zealand were not fully guideline compliant or clinically appropriate. Interventions are needed to improve antimicrobial stewardship and cefalexin prescribing practices.

Keywords:
New Zealandantibiotic stewardshipantimicrobial resistancecefalexincommunity prescribinggeneral practitionersguideline complianceprimary care

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global threat driven by antibiotic misuse.
  • Cephalexin is a second-line antibiotic, but its community use is increasing in New Zealand.
  • This trend necessitates a closer examination of cefalexin prescribing patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the appropriateness and guideline adherence of cefalexin prescriptions.
  • To identify areas for improvement in antimicrobial stewardship.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted at an urban medical center in Christchurch, NZ.
  • Prescriptions from July-August 2023 were reviewed for guideline compliance and clinical appropriateness.
  • A modified audit survey based on national and regional guidelines was utilized.

Main Results:

  • 27 cefalexin prescriptions were analyzed.
  • Soft tissue and genito-urinary infections were the most common indications.
  • Only 53.8% of prescriptions were guideline compliant, and 57.7% were clinically appropriate.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights suboptimal cefalexin prescribing in primary care.
  • Targeted antimicrobial stewardship interventions are recommended.
  • A larger, multicenter study is planned for further investigation.