Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 14, 2026

High-throughput, Microscale Protocol for the Analysis of Processing Parameters and Nutritional Qualities in Maize Zea mays L.
Published on: June 16, 2018
Anti-nutritional factors: Nutrient interactions, processing interventions, and health aspects
Ankan Kheto1, Debojit Baidya Choudhury1, Shubhajit Sarkhel2
1Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
Abstract:
Plant-based foods are valuable sources of essential minerals and macronutrients. However, their bioavailability is significantly affected by anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), which can reduce nutrient intake, hinder digestion, and decrease metabolic utilization of feed. Hence, this review aims to provide comprehensive insight into various aspects of ANFs in food, including their background and interaction mechanisms with nutrients (mineral chelation, enzyme inhibition, and intestinal barrier disruption). The effectiveness of different conventional and novel technologies for reducing ANFs has been thoroughly discussed, and their limitations have been highlighted. For example, soaking typically reduces phytic acid content by 20-40 %, whereas germination and fermentation can achieve 40-80 % reduction. Extrusion and cold plasma have been reported to lower the contents of tannins and trypsin inhibitors by more than 80 % under optimized conditions. This study also explores the impact of ANFs on nutrient bioavailability and highlights dietary strategies and biological activities after the consumption of ANF-rich foods.
Related Concept Videos
Bioavailability: Influencing Factors
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Drug Interactions
Displacement interactions can have varying outcomes, ranging from toxicity to virtually...
Factors Influencing Bioavailability: First-Pass Elimination
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

